Exception Dealing with in Java with Examples | 2023

Exception dealing with in java is likely one of the highly effective mechanisms to deal with runtime errors attributable to exceptions. Exception dealing with performs an essential position in software program improvement. This text helps you perceive java exception, exception in java, java exception dealing with, java exception hierarchy, varieties of exception in java, and plenty of extra.

What’s Exception Dealing with in Java?

Exception dealing with in java helps in minimizing exceptions and helps in recovering from exceptions. It is likely one of the highly effective mechanisms to deal with runtime exceptions and makes it bug-free. Exception dealing with helps in sustaining the circulate of this system. An exception dealing with is outlined as an irregular situation that will occur at runtime and disturb the conventional circulate of this system.

Additionally Learn: Java Tutorial for rookies

What’s an Exception?

An expectation is an sudden occasion that happens whereas executing this system, that disturbs the conventional circulate of the code.

Exception dealing with in java with an instance:

Let’s say,

assertion
assertion
assertion
exception ………… an exception occurred, then JVM will deal with it and can exit the prog.
assertion
assertion
assertion

For dealing with exceptions, there are 2 potential approaches

1. JVM

If an exception is just not dealt with explicitly, then JVM takes the accountability of dealing with the exception.

As soon as the exception is dealt with, JVM will halt this system and no extra execution of code will happen

import java.util.*;

class Fundamental {
    public static void principal (String[] args) {
        System.out.println(5/0);
        System.out.println("Finish of program!");
	}
}

Runtime Error:

 Exception in thread "principal" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
 at Fundamental.principal(File.java:5) 

2. Developer

Builders can explicitly write the implementation for dealing with the exception. As soon as an exception is dealt with, the conventional execution of code will proceed.

Preferable: deal with exceptions to make sure your code will get executed usually.

Java Exception Hierarchy

Exception Hierarchy – Following is the Exception Dealing with in Java dealing with hierarchy.

• Throwable –
  • It’s the root class for the exception hierarchy in java. 
  • It’s within the java.lang package deal.
• Error –
  • Subclass of Throwable.
  • Encompass irregular situation that’s out of 1’s management and depends upon the atmosphere
  • They will’t be dealt with and can at all times outcome within the halting of this system.
  • Eg: StackOverFlowError that may occur in infinite loop or recursion
• Exception –
  • Subclass of Throwable.
  • Encompass irregular circumstances that may be dealt with explicitly.
  • If one handles the exception then our code will proceed to execute easily.

Sorts of exception in Java

• Checked Exceptions
  • These exceptions which can be checked at compile-time includes checked exceptions.
  • They’re baby lessons of Exception apart from RuntimeException.
  • This system is not going to compile if they aren’t dealt with.
  • Instance: IOException, ClassNotFoundException, and so forth.
• Unchecked Exceptions
  • These exceptions which can be checked at runtime includes unchecked exceptions.
  • They’re baby lessons of RuntimeException.
  • They provide runtime errors if not dealt with explicitly.
  • Instance: ArithmeticException, NullPointerException and so forth.

Distinction between Checked and Unchecked Exception

Java Exception Index

Java Exception Key phrases

Exception Dealing with in java is managed through 5 key phrases: attempt, catch, throw, throws, and at last. Listed here are 5 key phrases which can be utilized in dealing with exceptions in Java

Java Strive-Catch Block

Strive-catch syntax:

attempt{
}
catch(Exception e){
}

public class ExceptionDemo {
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
		int a=10;
		for(int i=3;i>=0;i--)
		   attempt{
		     System.out.println(a/i);  
		   }catch(ArithmeticException e){
		       System.out.println(e);
		   }
	}
}

Output:

3
5
10
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero 

• attempt block incorporates the code which may throw an exception. Don’t write something further in attempt as statements after the exception is not going to get executed if the exception occurred. Strive should be instantly adopted by catch or lastly block.

public class ExceptionDemo {
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
		int a=10;
		for(int i=3;i>=0;i--)
		   attempt{
		     System.out.println(a/i);  
		   }
	}
}

Compile-time error:

prog.java:5: error: 'attempt' with out 'catch', 'lastly' or useful resource declarations
    attempt{
    ^
1 error 

• The catch block is used to catch the exception thrown by statements within the attempt block. The catch should observe attempt else it would give a compile-time error.

public class ExceptionDemo {
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
		int a=10;
		for(int i=3;i>=0;i--)
		   attempt{
		     System.out.println(a/i);  
		   }
		   System.out.println("between try to catch");
		   catch(ArithmeticException e){
		       System.out.println(e);
		   }
	}
}

Compile Time Error:

prog.java:5: error: 'attempt' with out 'catch', 'lastly' or useful resource declarations
    attempt{
    ^
prog.java:9: error: 'catch' with out 'attempt'
    catch(ArithmeticException e){
    ^
2 errors 

Issues to Keep in mind:

Don’t preserve any code after the assertion which is vulnerable to exception. As a result of if an exception occurred, it would immediately leap to the catch or lastly block, ignoring all different statements within the attempt block.

class Fundamental {
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
         attempt
       {
             System.out.println(4/0);
	 //is not going to get printed
             System.out.println("finish of attempt!");
        }
catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("divide by 0");
        }
    }
}

Output:

divide by 0

• Whereas catching the exception within the catch block, both you possibly can have immediately the category of exception or its superclass.

Instance: Precise Exception

class Fundamental {
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
        attempt{
            System.out.println(4/0);
           }
      
        //ArithmeticException 
        catch(ArithmeticException e){
            System.out.println("divide by 0");
        }
    }
}

Output:

divide by 0

Instance: Superclass of Precise Exception

class Fundamental {
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
        attempt{
            System.out.println(4/0);
           }
      
        //superclass of ArithmeticException 
        catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("divide by 0");
        }
     }
}

Output:

divide by 0

Java A number of Catch Block

When you have a number of catches, you need to keep the hierarchy from subclass to superclass.

Incorrect:

class Fundamental {
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
        attempt{
            System.out.println(4/0);
        }catch(Exception e)
        {
            System.out.println("Exception : divide by 0");
        }catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("ArithmeticException :divide by 0");
        }
	}
}

Compile-time error:

 prog.java:11: error: exception ArithmeticException has already been caught
        }catch(ArithmeticException e)
         ^
1 error 

Appropriate:

class Fundamental {
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
        attempt{
            System.out.println(4/0);
        }catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("ArithmeticException : divide by 0");
        }catch(Exception e)
        {
            System.out.println("Exception : divide by 0");
        }
   }
}

Output:

ArithmeticException: Divide by 0

Java Nested Strive

When there’s one other attempt block inside the attempt block:

class Fundamental {
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
        attempt{
                attempt{
                    int[] a={1,2,3};
                    System.out.println(a[3]);
                }
   catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
                {
                    System.out.println("Out of bounds");
                }
              System.out.println(4/0);
        }
       catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("ArithmeticException : divide by 0");
        }
	}
    }

Output:

Out of bounds
ArithmeticException: Divide by 0 

Word – If we put code of outer attempt earlier than internal attempt, then if an exception occurred, it would ignore the complete internal try to transfer on to its catch block.

class Fundamental {
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
        attempt{
               System.out.println(4/0);
               attempt{
                    int[] a={1,2,3};
                    System.out.println(a[3]);
                }
   catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
                {
                    System.out.println("Out of bounds");
                }
        }
       catch(ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("ArithmeticException : divide by 0");
        }
	}
    }

Output:

ArithmeticException: Divide by 0

Java Lastly Block

Incorporates code that should be executed regardless of if an exception is thrown or not. It incorporates code of file launch, closing connections, and so forth.

class Fundamental {
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
        attempt{
            System.out.println(4/0);
        }catch(Exception e)
        {
            System.out.println(e);       
        }
        lastly
        {
            System.out.println("lastly executed");
        }
        
       	        System.out.println("finish");
	}
}

Output:

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
lastly executed
finish 

Lastly, will execute even when we don’t deal with exceptions. Earlier than halting this system, JVM checks if there’s a “lastly” block.

class Fundamental {
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
        attempt{
            System.out.println(4/0);
            
        }lastly
        {
            System.out.println("cleansing.......");
        }
	}
}

Runtime Error:

 Exception in thread "principal" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
 at Fundamental.principal(File.java:4) 

Output:

cleansing.......

Java Last vs Lastly vs Finalize

Java Throw Key phrase

It’s a key phrase that’s used to explicitly throw an exception.

We are able to use throw the place in response to our logic an exception ought to happen.

Instance:

public class ExceptionDemo {
	static void canVote(int age){
		if(age<18)
            attempt{
                throw new Exception();
            }catch(Exception e){
                System.out.println("you aren't an grownup!");
            }
		else
		   System.out.println("you possibly can vote!");
	}
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
		canVote(20);
		canVote(10);
	}
}

Output:

you possibly can vote!
you aren't an grownup! 

Java Throws Key phrase

• Throws key phrase is used when callee doesn’t wish to deal with the exception slightly it desires to increase this accountability of dealing with the exception to the caller of the operate.
• Mainly says what kind of exception the code can throw and depends on the caller to deal with it.
• It’s used to deal with checked Exceptions because the compiler is not going to enable code to compile till they’re dealt with.

Instance:

public class ExceptionDemo {
	static void func(int a) throws Exception{
		   System.out.println(10/a);  
	}
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
		attempt{
		    func(10);
		    func(0);
		}catch(Exception e){
		   System.out.println("cannot divide by zero");
		}
	
	}
}

Output:

1
cannot divide by zero 

If callee can throw a number of exceptions, then all will likely be thrown concurrently.

import java.util.*;

public class ExceptionDemo {
	static void func(int a,int b) throws ArithmeticException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException{
		   System.out.println(10/a); 
		   int[] arr={1,2,3};
		   System.out.println(arr[b]);
	}
	public static void principal (String[] args) {
		Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
		for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
		attempt{
		    func(in.nextInt(),in.nextInt());
    		}catch(ArithmeticException e){
    		   System.out.println("cannot divide by zero");
    		}catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
    		   System.out.println("Out of bounds!");
    		}
		     }
		
	}
   }

Enter:

2 1
0 1
2 3 

Output:

5
2
cannot divide by zero
5
Out of bounds! 

Java Throw vs Throws

Java Customized Exception

You’ll be able to create your personal exception and provides implementation as to the way it ought to behave. Your exception will behave like a toddler’s class of Exception.

Syntax:

 class YourException extends Exception{}

• Instance:
  • let’s say, you’re working with an airline firm 
  • You might be within the baggage check-in division and as per guidelines, you possibly can enable 15kg per buyer.
  • So now greater than 15kg of weight is an irregular situation for us or in different phrases its an exception
  • That is our logic-based exception, so we’ll create our customized exception WeightLimitExceeded 
  • As per syntax, it would lengthen Exception.
  • We outline the constructor which can get invoked as quickly as an exception will likely be thrown
  • We have now to explicitly throw the exception and therefore we are going to use throw key phrase for that.
  • Utilizing throws key phrase is as per our want. If we’re dealing with an exception the place it’s getting thrown then we are able to keep away from throws, else we are going to use throws and deal with it within the caller.

Implementation:

import java.util.*;

class WeightLimitExceeded extends Exception{
    WeightLimitExceeded(int x){
        System.out.print(Math.abs(15-x)+" kg : ");
    }
}


class Fundamental {
    void validWeight(int weight) throws WeightLimitExceeded{
        if(weight>15)
            throw new WeightLimitExceeded(weight);
        else
            System.out.println("You might be able to fly!");
    }
    
      public static void principal (String[] args) {
        Fundamental ob=new Fundamental();
        Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
        for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
            attempt{
                ob.validWeight(in.nextInt());
            }catch(WeightLimitExceeded e){
                System.out.println(e);
            }
        }
        
	}
}

Enter:

20
7 

Output:

5 kg : WeightLimitExceeded
You might be able to fly! 

Exception Dealing with in java with methodology overriding

Exception Dealing with in Java with Methodology Overriding is an overridden methodology that declares to throw an exception and declare that it could possibly throw the identical exception or subtype of that exception.

To deal with the exception in Java, you’ll have to observe three essential guidelines. They’re depicted within the under determine.

Benefits and downsides of exception dealing with in java

Benefits of excepting dealing with in java 

• Separating Error-Dealing with Code from “Common” Code
• Propagating Errors Up the Name Stack
• Grouping and Differentiating Error Varieties

Disadvantages of excepting dealing with in java 

• Experiencing pointless overhead
• Not understanding how the appliance actually works
• Filling your logs with noisy occasions
• Incapacity to concentrate on what really issues

This brings us to the tip of this text on exception dealing with in java. We hope that you’re now clear concerning the idea of exception dealing with in java. If you happen to want to know extra concerning the java programming language, then go surfing to our free java on-line course with certificates and energy forward in your profession.

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